File:Amak-III 01.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionAmak-III 01.jpg |
Русский: Аппарат по забору крови АМАК-III в экспозиции Ярославского планетария. Подарок музею от дважды Героя Советского союза генерал-полковника Климука Петра Ильича.
С целью изучения влияния факторов полета на организм, оценки состояния здоровья космонавтов, совершенствования рациона питания, разработки более рациональных режимов труда и отдыха необходимо было иметь сведения о биохимическом составе крови и, следовательно, располагать специальными методами для ее исследования. Обычные методы биохимического анализа крови были непригодны, поскольку требовали большого количества крови для анализа, быстрой обработки материала и строгого количественного забора проб крови, что во время полета осуществить невозможно. Поэтому возникла необходимость создания специальных методов исследований консервированной крови. С этой целью в 1960—1965 гг. начали активно разрабатываться способы консервации и микроанализа, позволяющие в капле высушенной крови определять сразу несколько компонентов. Биохимический анализ высушенной крови позволил сохранять исследуемый материал в течение нескольких месяцев до момента анализа. Это направление развивалось вплоть до 1980 г. по двум путям: первое — постоянное расширение набора методик и второе — повышение чувствительности и специфичности существующих методов исследования. На основе комплексного микрометода анализа крови была разработана укладка «АМАК» (автономный микроанализатор крови), предназначенная для взятия проб на борту космического корабля, консервирования их высушиванием, хранения и транспортировки в наземную лабораторию для анализа. Укладка «АМАК» содержала все необходимое для взятия в полете 10 проб крови: иглу скарификатор, 10 малых контейнеров с дезраствором, 10 больших контейнеров с осушителем для хранения проб крови и ленту для нанесения мазков крови.English: The AMAK-III blood sampling device is on display at the Yaroslavl Planetarium. A gift to the museum from twice Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel-General Klimuk Pyotr Ilyich.
In order to study the effect of flight factors on the body, to assess the health of astronauts, to improve the diet, to develop more rational work and rest regimes, it was necessary to have information about the biochemical composition of blood and, therefore, to have special methods for its study. Conventional methods of biochemical blood analysis were unsuitable, since they required a large amount of blood for analysis, rapid processing of the material and strict quantitative sampling of blood samples, which could not be carried out during the flight. Therefore, there was a need to create special methods of research of canned blood. For this purpose, in 1960-1965, methods of preservation and microanalysis began to be actively developed, allowing several components to be determined at once in a drop of dried blood. Biochemical analysis of dried blood allowed to preserve the test material for several months until the moment of analysis. This direction developed up to 1980 in two ways: the first is a constant expansion of the set of techniques and the second is an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of existing research methods. On the basis of a complex micromethod of blood analysis, an AMAK (autonomous blood microanalyzer) was developed, designed to take samples on board a spacecraft, preserve them by drying, store and transport them to a ground laboratory for analysis. The AMAK stowage contained everything necessary for taking 10 blood samples in flight: a scarifier needle, 10 small containers with desalination solution, 10 large containers with a desiccant for storing blood samples and a tape for applying blood smears. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Stolbovsky |
Camera location | 57° 37′ 16.2″ N, 39° 52′ 13.38″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 57.621167; 39.870382 |
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This image was uploaded as part of Russian Science Photo Competition 2022.
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 80D |
Exposure time | 1/30 sec (0.033333333333333) |
F-number | f/5 |
ISO speed rating | 6,400 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:47, 10 September 2021 |
Lens focal length | 39 mm |
Latitude | 57° 37′ 16.2″ N |
Longitude | 39° 52′ 13.37″ E |
Altitude | 98 meters above sea level |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpc |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpc |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic 7.3.1 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 12:49, 8 May 2022 |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:47, 10 September 2021 |
APEX shutter speed | 4.906891 |
APEX aperture | 4.643856 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.625 APEX (f/4.97) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 85 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 85 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 6,514.657980456 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 6,734.0067340067 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS tag version | 0.0.2.2 |
Serial number of camera | 375024002089 |
Lens used | EF-S18-55mm f/4-5.6 IS STM |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:49, 8 May 2022 |
Unique ID of original document | 60462706EA4BA81C3ACB798513A6F4EB |
IIM version | 4 |